55 Westgold Resources Limited Annual Report 2023 2. S UMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) (e) Operating segments An operating segment is a component of an entity that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses (including revenues and expenses relating to transactions with other components of the same entity), whose operating results are regularly reviewed by management to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance and for which discrete financial information is available. This includes start-up operations which are yet to earn revenues. Management will also consider other factors in determining operating segments such as the existence of a line manager and the level of segment information presented to the board of directors. Operating segments have been identified based on the information provided by management to the Board of Directors. The Group aggregates two or more operating segments when they have similar economic characteristics. Operating segments that meet the quantitative criteria as prescribed by AASB 8 are reported separately. However, an operating segment that does not meet the quantitative criteria is still reported separately where information about the segment would be useful to users of the financial statements. Information about other business activities and operating segments that are below the quantitative criteria are combined and disclosed in a separate category for “all other segments”. (f) Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated statement of financial position comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term deposits that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. (g) Financial Instruments Financial instruments - initial recognition and subsequent measurement A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. Certain commodity contracts are accounted for as executory contracts and not recognised as financial instruments as these contracts were entered into and continue to be held for the purpose of the delivery of gold bullion in accordance with the Group’s expected sale requirements (see Note 5). Financial assets Initial recognition and measurement Financial assets are classified at initial recognition, and subsequently measured at amortised cost, or fair value through profit or loss or fair value through OCI. The classification of financial assets at initial recognition that are debt instruments depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model for managing them. With the exception of trade receivables, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost, it needs to give rise to cash flows that are ‘solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI)’ on the principal amount outstanding. This assessment is referred to as the SPPI test and is performed at an instrument level. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practical expedient for contracts that have a maturity of one year or less, are measured at the transaction price determined under AASB 15. The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business model determines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both. Subsequent measurement For purposes of subsequent measurement, the Group’s financial assets are classified in these categories: – Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments) – Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments) The Group’s financial assets at amortised cost include cash, short-term deposits, and trade and other receivables. The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met: – The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows, and – The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest rate (EIR) method and are subject to impairment. Interest received is recognised as part of other income in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.
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